Cognitive scientists have long studied how language shapes memory, and the evidence is both fascinating and profound. Research shows that the words we have available influence what we notice and ...

How the Spoken Word Shapes the Written Word. Whether it’s to themselves, their spouse or their dog, reading aloud is essential to the writing process for these Times reporters.

Focus on word shape: Most odd words feature small but noticeable differences from other letters in the word. Look for differences in letter shapes, heights, or curves.

Kimihiro Nakamura, Wen-Jui Kuo, Felipe Pegado, Laurent Cohen, Ovid J. L. Tzeng, Stanislas Dehaene, Universal brain systems for recognizing word shapes and handwriting gestures during reading, ...