Blast furnaces have a huge turnover of materials. Besides the transformation of the main elements iron and carbon, a large variety of other elements (present at low concentrations in different input ...

1. Introduction. Pulverized coal injection (PCI) is an effective technology for reducing coke consumption in the blast furnace (BF) (Bennett and Fukushima, 2003; Lion et al, 2017; Zou et al, 2017), ...