Abstract: This paper proposes a novel cascade high-gain state and perturbation observer (CHGSPO)-based robust adaptive control (RAC) strategy of modular multi-level converter based high voltage direct ...

Abstract: Both fixed-gain control and adaptive learning architectures aim to mitigate the effects of uncertainties. In particular, fixed-gain control offers more predictable closed-loop system ...

A dual-loop dividerless PLL architecture helps reduce the noise contribution of the charge pump by increasing its feedback gain. The mismatch in the charging and discharging currents often generates ...