Discover why the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth collapsed once one of Europe’s largest and most powerful states. This video explores the internal conflicts, political weaknesses, and foreign ...

Forces of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth occupied the Kremlin, and the Polish heir to the throne was elected Russian tsar. The Troubles. In the late 16th century, ...

Antony Polonsky's The Jews in Poland and Russia is a stupendous - almost crushing - work of scholarship. It occupies three fat volumes, and as of the day before Yom Kippur I have not quite ...

Richard Butterwick, The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth: Light and Flame (Yale University Press, 2020) Patrice Dabrowski, Poland: The First Thousand Years (Cornell University Press, 2014) ...

Modern Poland had no slavery, it had serfdom – a system that according to many contemporary researchers approached some of the most drastic realizations of slavery and played a key role in ...

Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth; Thaddeus Kosciusko; Meet Thaddeus Kosciusko, the Polish Engineer Fought Both in the American Revolution and for His Homeland ...

Pilsudski became not just a socialist but a Polish socialist, who sought national liberation as a necessary component of workers’ revolution. The Russians exiled him to Siberia, where he spent ...

Polish Constitution Day Parade, honoring the day the Polish took a major step towards democracy in 1791, ... addressing political flaws with the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth monarchy.

Modern Poland had no slavery, it had serfdom – a system that according to many contemporary researchers approached some of the most drastic realizations of slavery and played a key role in ...