Tests of a proposed friction-factor equation have shown it to be accurate for calculating pressure loss in turbulent flow for a pipeline transporting a non-Newtonian fluid, such as most crude oils ...

If the operating R e equals or exceeds the minimum R e, use equation 3 to calculate the friction factor. If not, use equation 2. In either case, the friction factor is calculated in one step ...

Friction Factor: A dimensionless parameter quantifying the resistance to fluid flow in a pipe due to friction. Colebrook–White Equation: An implicit relation widely used to calculate turbulent ...

In the standard approach to measuring friction in transitional flow, they are simply lumped together. The OIST researchers instead analyzed the patches of smooth and chaotic flow separately. They ...