The cell model of ion-exchange membranes reveals violations of the Onsager reciprocity principle, particularly at high ...

These concentration differences set up an osmotic gradient that promotes the flow of excess water from cerebral tissue to the blood via osmosis. Osmosis occurs because water moves passively along ...

Imagine cells navigating through a complex maze, guided by chemical signals and the physical landscape of their environment.

Fakultät für Physik und Geowissenschaften, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany 04103, and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 * Corresponding author ...

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