The transmembrane ion gradient of the cell is sustained by Na + /K +-ATPases, which are fuelled by ATP hydrolysis 9 using the energy from the oxidization of glucose or fatty acids 17.In our model ...

PREVIOUSLY, a high nucleo-cytoplasmic concentration gradient of sodium was found in rat liver and other tissues1,2. Since the concentration of potassium also was higher in the nucleus than in the ...

Diffusion Substances move from a high to a low concentration down a concentration gradient Carbon dioxide, oxygen, water, food substances, wastes, eg urea No Osmosis Water moves from a high to a ...

It occurs down a concentration gradient ... Their sodium-potassium pumps use around 20 per cent of your daily energy intake to keep your nerve cells operational. Next up. Watch a video.

A concentration gradient in the electrolyte is illustrated. ·If the electrolyte is unstirred, the gradiant causes H-ion diffusion to the surface, where they capture electrons (reduction) to become ...