Organ-on-a-chip systems offer a more accurate, ethical, and scalable alternative to animal testing in drug discovery and ...

Sexual behavior and sex preference in animals and humans are shaped by complex interactions between the brain and hormones during early development. One critical factor is exposure to androgens (male ...

Alopecia areata, which can lead to permanent hair loss in some cases, can cause significant emotional challenges. Many people with alopecia areata face ongoing stress, anxiety, and other mental ...

Animal experiments remain essential to understand the fundamental mechanisms underpinning malignancy and to discover improved methods to prevent, diagnose and treat cancer. Excellent standards of ...