Philosophers like Johann Gottleib Fichte, Georg Hegel and Slavoj Žižek argue that societies function as collective consciousnesses, shaped by historical and ideological conditions. Just as individuals ...

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The values of liberalism shaped the west. Now they are in retreat. What chance is there for the renewal of a great tradition?

A liberalism that fails to answer the question of meaning opens the door to authoritarian temptation. Liberalism is often hailed as the great success story of modernity. It freed people from feudal ...

When I taught Contemporary Civilization, Columbia University’s core courses on political and moral philosophy from Plato through Freud, officially and awkwardly called “Introduction to Contemporary ...

In 1978, the Russian dissident Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn gave a commencement address at Harvard, warning us about the loss of American self-confidence and will. “A decline in courage may be the most ...

Russell Blackford does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond ...