Competition was supposed to lower energy costs. Instead, it has often raised them. This is because deregulation sidelines utility regulators and exposes customers to volatile energy markets that ...

Vertical integration lets companies control more supply chain steps by in-house operations. Types include backward (acquiring production inputs) and forward (controlling distribution). This strategy ...

For decades, vertical integration meant ownership. According to Michael E. Porter's seminal work Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance, companies sought to reduce costs, ...