Unitarity dictates that a physically allowed change must correspond to a special “unitary” matrix that rotates the particle’s state in Hilbert space without changing that the sum of the ...

The rates of these decay processes are related to a set of numbers called the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix, named for the three physicists who introduced it. The numbers are often shown in a ...

"Together with the matrix product operator representation of the duality, this allowed us to write this seemingly non-invertible transformation as a unitary quantum circuit," said Lootens.