The formation of the brachial plexus begins just distal to the scalene muscles and emerges, from contributing nerve roots, at the base of the neck between the anterior and median scalenes.

Palpation over the scalene muscles produced no pain, paresthesia or pulse changes. The ulnar nerves were palpated normally in their ulnar canals at the elbows.

The nerves of the brachial plexus are best seen on sagittal images, with the nerves uniting and passing between the anterior and middle branches of the scalene muscle before running along the ...

The phrenic nerve was identified over the anterior surface of the anterior scalene muscle and protected. The anterior scalene muscle was released near the rib insertion.

The muscle attachments are dissected from the edge of the rib. The remainder of the rib is separated from its underlying tissue, including the subclavius muscle. The scalene muscles are dissected, ...

Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a group of conditions that occur when you have compressed nerves or blood vessels in the thoracic outlet. The thoracic outlet is the triangular space between your ...

Background Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS) is a syndrome involving compression at the thoracic inlet, which is known clinically as the superior thoracic outlet resulting from excess pressure placed on ...