We have all had difficulty testing diodes in-circuit. Most DMM’s have a diode Vf function that measures forward drop, but what is the normal voltage drop? Analog VOM’s attempt to measure resistance of ...

Multimeters are indispensable tools when working on electronics. It’s almost impossible to build any but the most basic of circuits without one to test and troubleshoot potential issues, and they make ...

Modern digital multimeters (DMMs) are user-friendly, accurate, and safe — when used correctly! Reading voltage is simple, but measurements must be properly interpreted. With a clamp-on DMM, accurate ...

In-circuit test (ICT) has been instrumental in identifying manufacturing process defects and component defects on countless varieties of populated printed circuit board (PCB) assemblies for more than ...

There are a number of complex tasks involved in the manufacturing of electronic assemblies, all of which can go wrong. In order to ensure quality standards are met, the fabrication of the printed ...

To measure a zener diode’s breakdown voltage, you need a dc voltage source whose voltage exceeds that of the zener voltage. In Figure 1, resistor R SER provides voltage drop between V IN and V ZEN. In ...