Advances in materials science are transforming medicine, engineering, and environmental technology. Among the most promising innovations are hydrogels—highly absorbent polymer networks with ...

Background: The management of esophageal anastomotic fistula continues to be a significant clinical challenge in the field of esophageal surgery. With rapid advances in material science, selecting ...

Light-responsive hydrogel microstructures embedded within a collagen network. The microstructure in the foreground is illuminated with a green laser, causing it to contract. The contraction remodels ...