Fortezza Vecchia, built in the 16th century, encompasses towers from the Middle Ages, when Livorno was part of Genova. As for Fortezza Nuova, the "New Fortress" was erected to ward off pirates ...

Read our insider’s guide to the best cruise holidays to Livorno, as recommended by Telegraph Travel. Find expert advice on luxury cruises, mainstream cruises, specialist cruises and no-fly cruises.