These both need to be identified to work out the identity of an unknown ionic compound. Cations can be identified with flame tests or precipitate tests using sodium hydroxide and ammonia solutions.

One of the UK’s major exam boards has denied that their IGCSEs are “easier” GCSEs, arguing that the majority of entries are from private schools where attainment is generally higher.

In this video, Fran Scott demonstrates how to test for various ions and interpret the results. Flame tests and chemical tests are used to detect and identify ions in samples. Instrumental methods ...

Students who appear for the checkpoint test will receive a certificate of achievement at the end of Class 5. IGCSE schools in the city are looking forward to introducing the tests from next year.