The Shortness of Breath in Heart Failure (SOB-HF) instrument (Table 1 ... with each descriptor rated on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree), where ...

English-speaking adults with a chief complaint of "dyspnea" or "shortness of breath ... much more difficulty breathing" on a 5-point Likert scale, compared with the most recent measurement.

A recent study published in the November issue of the New England Journal of Medicine, reveals that dyspnea ... patients with a previous history of heart disease or those at high risk for ...

Many people don’t realize that heart failure can develop slowly, and the symptoms can seem mild at first. It can affect ...

Patients with heart failure experience worsening neuropsychological outcomes over six months, according to a study published ...

Dyspnea on exertion indicates early heart failure. Both systolic and diastolic dysfunction typically contribute to heart failure with aortic stenosis. Other classic symptoms of heart failure ...