1807 - Napoleon creates the Duchy of Warsaw as a client state to rally Polish support for his cause. 1815 - The Congress of Vienna creates a rump Kingdom of Poland, ruled by Russia.

Officially founded on June 28 1812 by the parliament of the Duchy of Warsaw (see: NOTE 1), the confederation reintroduced a government model resembling the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth ...

1943 - Warsaw ghetto uprising against German attempts to transport the remaining Jewish inhabitants to concentration camps. Resistance lasts nearly four weeks before the ghetto is burned down. The ...