There is an old and probably apocryphal story from the French revolution that goes like this: A bourgeois leader of the ...

At the same time, the national industrial bourgeoisie did not clearly differentiate itself as a social class, with distinct economic interests and ideology, from the national estate bourgeoisie.

Short text from the KAPD Berlin about the importance of "form of organization" in the proletarian revolution. This criticizes the well known axiom: "Revolution is not a question of organization” and ...

Napoleon embodied the provincial haute bourgeoisie which, following the example of the Girondins, wanted a moderate revolution, crystallized in a state, democratic if possible but authoritarian if ...

On the question that divided historians for most of the 20th century – “Was the French Revolution a bourgeois revolution?” – Jaurès and Hazan sharply disagree.

Questions the assumption that the form of working class organisation to overthrow capitalism and establish socialism has been found in the workers' "soviets" or councils such as those that appeared ...

The Industrial Revolution was a turning point in human history, marking the shift from agrarian societies to industrialized ...

Marx and Engels used the term "permanent revolution" long before Trotsky adopted it, and in their analysis after the 1848 bourgeois revolutions in Europe, they foreshadowed the theory by arguing ...

Lenin argued that the bourgeois-democratic revolution would therefore take the form of the “democratic dictatorship of the proletariat and the peasantry”.

A bourgeois revolution might delay the inevitable, but unless we revolutionize the role that money plays in our societies—unless we confront the wealth fetish that divides the deserving from ...

The contradiction of feudalism, military capitalism, and imperial ambitions, along with an unambitious bourgeoisie, were the prelude to the Russian Revolution of 2017, explains Prof. Aleksandr ...