This is an inspection of the bladder and the urethra using a cystoscope. There are two types of cystoscope: Rigid: A solid telescope which has a light and a separate channel to allow other ...

The positive predictive value (PPV) for Bladder EpiCheck was 67.4%, with a negative predictive value (NPV) for both overall and HG disease of 99.6%. WLC demonstrated a PPV of 74%, an NPV of 96.3%, and ...

Frequently, however, urine that appears perfectly normal to the naked eye will be shown by the microscope to contain abnormal numbers of red ... with the symptoms mentioned above. Bladder cancer is ...

“Cancer of the bladder involves abnormal growths that can cause symptoms ... the form of an ultrasound or a CT scan, and a ...

Cystoscopy is the reference standard for bladder cancer detection, and is also used to monitor patients with a history of the disease. The procedure is, however, invasive, and some patients find ...

You get bladder cancer when bladder cells become abnormal and grow out of control. Over time, a tumor forms. To find out whether you have bladder cancer, the first thing your doctor probably will ...

incomplete bladder emptying, and, in severe cases, complete urinary retention. Other common causes include: Prostate Cancer: Prostate cancer occurs when abnormal cells in the prostate gland ...

Cystoscopy is performed after a few weeks of radiochemotherapy to assess the response rate. If any residual disease (macro- or microscopic) remains, bladder preservation is aborted by cystectomy.

radiofrequency ablation of abnormal tissue, bladder and chest shunt procedures, fetal cystoscopy, posterior urethral valve and ureterocele surgery, chorionic villus sampling, and amniocentesis ...