In women, Panx1 activation also triggers the release of leptin, a hormone linked to increased pain sensitivity. This could explain why women are more vulnerable to chronic pain, a pathway ...

“Women face another level of stigmatization and bias when it comes to being taken seriously for a chronic condition like chronic pain that doesn't have any ‘objective markers,’” Veasley said.

Pain is usually temporary, but in chronic pain syndrome (CPS), it's long-term, and life-altering. Learn what causes CPS and how to relieve it.

Men and women don’t experience pain the same way. Give someone an electric shock; bind a tourniquet tighter and tighter around their leg; submerge their hand in icy water; prick them with a pin ...